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Andrew Fire From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Andrew Fire Andrew Fire, Stanford University.jpg Born Andrew Zachary Fire April 27, 1959 (age 58) Palo Alto, California Residence Stanford, California Nationality American Alma mater University of California, Berkeley Massachusetts Institute of Technology Known for RNA interference Awards Meyenburg Prize (2002) NAS Award in Molecular Biology (2003) Wiley Prize (2003) Massry Prize (2005) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2006) Scientific career Fields Biologist Institutions Johns Hopkins University Stanford University Doctoral advisor Phillip Allen Sharp Andrew Zachary Fire (born April 27, 1959) is an American biologist and professor of pathology and of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He was awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Craig C. Mello, for the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi). This research was conducted at the Carnegie Institution of Washington and published in 1998. Contents [hide] 1 Biography 2 Nobel prize 3 Awards and honors 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Biography[edit] Andrew Fire was born in Palo Alto, California and raised in Sunnyvale, California.[1] He graduated from Fremont High School. The only two colleges to which he applied were Stanford and UC Berkeley. Though he wished to go to Stanford, he was rejected and so attended the University of California, Berkeley, where he received a B.A. in mathematics in 1978 at the age of 19.[2] He then proceeded to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he received a Ph.D. in biology in 1983 under the mentorship of Nobel laureate geneticist Phillip Sharp. Fire moved to Cambridge, England, as a Helen Hay Whitney Postdoctoral Fellow. He became a member of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology group headed by Nobel laureate biologist Sydney Brenner. From 1986 to 2003, Fire was a staff member of the Carnegie Institution of Washington’s Department of Embryology in Baltimore, Maryland. The initial work on double stranded RNA as a trigger of gene silencing was published while Fire and his group were at the Carnegie Labs.[1] Fire became an adjunct professor in the Department of Biology at Johns Hopkins University in 1989 and joined the Stanford faculty in 2003. Throughout his career, Fire has been supported by research grants from the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Fire is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He also serves on the Board of Scientific Counselors and the National Center for Biotechnology, National Institutes of Health. Nobel prize[edit] See also: RNAi In 2006, Fire and Craig Mello shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work first published in 1998 in the journal Nature.[3] Fire and Mello, along with colleagues SiQun Xu, Mary Montgomery, Stephen Kostas, and Sam Driver, reported that tiny snippets of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) effectively shut down specific genes, driving the destruction of messenger RNA (mRNA) with sequences matching the dsRNA. As a result, the mRNA cannot be translated into protein. Fire and Mello found that dsRNA was much more effective in gene silencing than the previously described method of RNA interference with single-stranded RNA. Because only small numbers of dsRNA molecules were required for the observed effect, Fire and Mello proposed that a catalytic process was involved. This hypothesis was confirmed by subsequent research. The Nobel Prize citation, issued by Sweden's Karolinska Institute, said: "This year's Nobel Laureates have discovered a fundamental mechanism for controlling the flow of genetic information." The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) quoted Nick Hastie, director of the Medical Research Council's Human Genetics Unit, on the scope and implications of the research: “ "It is very unusual for a piece of work to completely revolutionise the whole way we think about biological processes and regulation, but this has opened up a whole new field in biology."[4] ” Awards and honors[edit] Fire has received the following awards and honors: (By chronological year of award [5]) Meyenburg Prize in 2002 Co-recipient (with Craig Mello) of National Academy of Sciences Award in Molecular Biology in 2003 Co-recipient (with Craig Mello, Thomas Tuschl and David Baulcombe) of the Wiley Prize in the Biomedical Sciences from Rockefeller University in 2003 Elected member National Academy of Sciences in 2004 Co-recipient (with Victor Ambros, Craig Mello, and Gary Ruvkun) of Brandeis University's Lewis S. Rosenstiel Award for Distinguished Work in Medical Research in 2005 Co-recipient (with Craig Mello) of the Gairdner Foundation International Award in 2005 Co-recipient (with Craig Mello and David Baulcombe) of the Massry Prize in 2005 Co-recipient (with Craig Mello) of the Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize in 2006 Co-recipient (with Craig Mello) of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2006 See also[edit] History of RNA biology List of Jewish Nobel laureates List of RNA biologists References[edit] ^ Jump up to: a b "Andrew Fire wins 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine". Stanford School of Medicine. 2006-10-02. Archived from the original on 10 October 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-02. Jump up ^ Shaw, Richard. "Rejected by Stanford? You'll Live". L.A. Times. Retrieved 21 August 2013. Jump up ^ Fire, A.; Xu, S.; Montgomery, M.; Kostas, S.; Driver, S.; Mello, C. (1998). "Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans". Nature. 391 (6669): 806–811. Bibcode:1998Natur.391..806F. doi:10.1038/35888. PMID 9486653. Jump up ^ "Nobel prize for genetic discovery". BBC. 2006-10-02. Archived from the original on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-02. Jump up ^ "UMASS MEDICAL SCHOOL PROFESSOR WINS NOBEL PRIZE". University of Massachusetts Amherst. 2006-10-02. Archived from the original on 2006-12-06. Retrieved 2006-10-02. External links[edit] Nobel Prize information Nobel Prize lecture Carnegie Institution for Science Nobel announcement from Stanford University Nobel announcement from the University of Massachusetts US Patent 6506559 Genetic inhibition by double-stranded RNA (patent) Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans, in Nature, via University of Massachusetts Medical School [show] v t e Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine [show] v t e 2006 Nobel Prize laureates [show] v t e Heineken Prizes Authority control WorldCat Identities VIAF: 16235715 LCCN: n85812344 ISNI: 0000 0000 0200 6140 SUDOC: 085755419 BNF: cb150754238 (data) Categories: 1959 birthsMembers of the European Molecular Biology OrganizationAmerican geneticistsAmerican Nobel laureatesJewish American scientistsLiving peopleJohns Hopkins University facultyMassachusetts Institute of Technology alumniNobel laureates in Physiology or MedicineUniversity of California, Berkeley alumniPeople from Palo Alto, CaliforniaMembers of the United States National Academy of SciencesStanford University School of Medicine facultyWinners of the Heineken PrizePeople from Sunnyvale, CaliforniaMassry Prize recipientsFellows of the American Academy of Arts and SciencesFellows of the AACR AcademyPeople from Stanford, California Navigation menu Not logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog inArticleTalkReadEditView historySearch Search Wikipedia Go Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages العربية تۆرکجه বাংলা Беларуская Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español Esperanto فارسی Français 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Kiswahili Magyar മലയാളം Nederlands 日本語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan پنجابی Plattdüütsch Polski Português Русский Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Suomi Svenska Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt Yorùbá 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 5 July 2017, at 07:37. 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Andrew Fire

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Andrew Fire
Andrew Fire, Stanford University.jpg
BornAndrew Zachary Fire
April 27, 1959 (age 58)
Palo Alto, California
ResidenceStanford, California
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of California, Berkeley
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Known forRNA interference
AwardsMeyenburg Prize (2002)
NAS Award in Molecular Biology (2003)
Wiley Prize (2003)
Massry Prize (2005)
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2006)
Scientific career
FieldsBiologist
InstitutionsJohns Hopkins University
Stanford University
Doctoral advisorPhillip Allen Sharp
Andrew Zachary Fire (born April 27, 1959) is an American biologist and professor of pathology and of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He was awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Craig C. Mello, for the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi). This research was conducted at the Carnegie Institution of Washington and published in 1998.

Biography[edit]

Andrew Fire was born in Palo Alto, California and raised in Sunnyvale, California.[1] He graduated from Fremont High School. The only two colleges to which he applied were Stanford and UC Berkeley. Though he wished to go to Stanford, he was rejected and so attended the University of California, Berkeley, where he received a B.A. in mathematics in 1978 at the age of 19.[2] He then proceeded to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he received a Ph.D. in biology in 1983 under the mentorship of Nobel laureate geneticist Phillip Sharp.
Fire moved to Cambridge, England, as a Helen Hay Whitney Postdoctoral Fellow. He became a member of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology group headed by Nobel laureate biologist Sydney Brenner.
From 1986 to 2003, Fire was a staff member of the Carnegie Institution of Washington’s Department of Embryology in Baltimore, Maryland. The initial work on double stranded RNA as a trigger of gene silencing was published while Fire and his group were at the Carnegie Labs.[1] Fire became an adjunct professor in the Department of Biology at Johns Hopkins University in 1989 and joined the Stanford faculty in 2003. Throughout his career, Fire has been supported by research grants from the U.S. National Institutes of Health.
Fire is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He also serves on the Board of Scientific Counselors and the National Center for Biotechnology, National Institutes of Health.

Nobel prize[edit]

See also: RNAi
In 2006, Fire and Craig Mello shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work first published in 1998 in the journal Nature.[3] Fire and Mello, along with colleagues SiQun Xu, Mary Montgomery, Stephen Kostas, and Sam Driver, reported that tiny snippets of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) effectively shut down specific genes, driving the destruction of messenger RNA (mRNA) with sequences matching the dsRNA. As a result, the mRNA cannot be translated into protein. Fire and Mello found that dsRNA was much more effective in gene silencing than the previously described method of RNA interference with single-stranded RNA. Because only small numbers of dsRNA molecules were required for the observed effect, Fire and Mello proposed that a catalytic process was involved. This hypothesis was confirmed by subsequent research.
The Nobel Prize citation, issued by Sweden's Karolinska Institute, said: "This year's Nobel Laureates have discovered a fundamental mechanism for controlling the flow of genetic information." The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) quoted Nick Hastie, director of the Medical Research Council's Human Genetics Unit, on the scope and implications of the research:

Awards and honors[edit]

Fire has received the following awards and honors:
(By chronological year of award [5])

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Jump up to:a b "Andrew Fire wins 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine". Stanford School of Medicine. 2006-10-02. Archived from the original on 10 October 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-02.
  2. Jump up^ Shaw, Richard. "Rejected by Stanford? You'll Live". L.A. Times. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
  3. Jump up^ Fire, A.; Xu, S.; Montgomery, M.; Kostas, S.; Driver, S.; Mello, C. (1998). "Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans". Nature. 391 (6669): 806–811. Bibcode:1998Natur.391..806F. doi:10.1038/35888. PMID 9486653.
  4. Jump up^ "Nobel prize for genetic discovery". BBC. 2006-10-02. Archived from the original on 4 October 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-02.
  5. Jump up^ "UMASS MEDICAL SCHOOL PROFESSOR WINS NOBEL PRIZE". University of Massachusetts Amherst. 2006-10-02. Archived from the originalon 2006-12-06. Retrieved 2006-10-02.

External links[edit]

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