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Ayran From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia It has been suggested that this article be merged with Doogh. (Discuss) Proposed since March 2017. Ayran Fresh ayran.jpg A mug of traditional Turkish Ayran in Istanbul, Turkey Alternative names Doogh, Tan Type Dairy product Course Beverage Region or state Asia Serving temperature Cold Main ingredients Yogurt, water, salt Cookbook: Ayran Media: Ayran Bottle of carbonated tan sold in Yerevan, Armenia Ayran or doogh (Azerbaijani: ayran, Turkish: ayran, Kazakh: Айран, Persian: دوغ‎) is a cold yogurt beverage mixed with salt.[1][2] It is popular in Iran,[3] Turkey,[4] Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,[2] North Caucasus,[5] the Balkans,[6] Afghanistan [7] and Lebanon.[8] Its primary ingredients are water and yogurt, and ayran has been variously described as "diluted yogurt"[4] and "a most refreshing drink made by mixing yogurt with iced water".[9] Ayran is served chilled and often as an accompaniment to grilled meat or rice[10] especially during summer.[11] Yogurt drinks are popular beyond the Middle East region—ayran has been likened by some to the South Asian lassi.[12] Contents [hide] 1 History 1.1 Turkish national drink status 2 Variations 3 Similar beverages 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References History[edit] According to Shirin Simmons, doogh has long been a popular drink and was consumed in ancient Persia (modern-day Iran).[13] Described by an 1886 source as a cold drink of curdled milk and water seasoned with mint,[14] its name derives from the Persian word for milking, dooshidan.[15] According to Nevin Halıcı, ayran is a traditional Turkic drink and was consumed by nomadic Turks prior to 1000 CE.[4] According to Celalettin Koçak and Yahya Kemal Avşar (Professor of Food Engineering at Mustafa Kemal University), ayran was first developed thousands of years ago by the Göktürks, who would dilute bitter yogurt with water in an attempt to improve its flavor.[16] A c. 1000 CE Turkish dictionary, Dīwān ul-Lughat al-Turk, defines ayran as a "drink made out of milk."[17] Turkish national drink status[edit] Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, a conservative Turkish politician who has held the posts of President and Prime Minister, has promoted ayran as a national drink.[18] Speaking at a 2013 WHO Global Alcohol Policy Conference held in Istanbul, Erdoğan contrasted ayran with alcohol, which he claimed was a recent introduction to Turkey. Nevertheless, sales of ayran in Turkey may lag behind other non-alcoholic beverages.[19] According to a 2015 joint statement from the Soft Drink Producers Association, the Sparkling Water Producers Association, and the Milk Producers and Exporters Union of Turkey, ayran consumption during Ramadan has declined every year for the years 2010 to 2015.[19] In 2015, Turkey's Customs and Trade Ministry, controlled by Erdoğan's party, imposed a 220,000 TL fine (approximately $70,000) on state-owned Çaykur manufacturers for "degrading ayran" in one of their advertisement for iced tea, in which the protagonist raps that ayran makes him sleepy,[20] and halted advertisements of Çaykur's competing, ice-tea product.[20] Variations[edit] Salt (and sometimes pepper) is added, and dried mint or pennyroyal can be mixed in as well, as well as lime juice. One variation includes diced cucumbers to provide a crunchy texture to the beverage. Some varieties of doogh have carbonation. Similar beverages[edit] Calpis, Japanese yogurt-based soft drink Chal, fermented camel's-milk Chalap, beverage consisting of fermented milk, salt, and carbonated water Kefir, fermented milk drink made with yeast grains Kumis, fermented mare's milk drink[4] Lassi, yogurt-based drink from the Indian Subcontinent Qatiq, fermented-milk beverage Chaas, yogurt-based drink made with yogurt, salt and water, and occasional mint and coriander leaves Borhani, a popular bengali yogurt drink mixed with mint leaves, sugar, salt and pepper among others See also[edit] icon Food portal List of fermented foods List of yogurt-based dishes and beverages Notes[edit] References[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ayran. Jump up ^ A. Y. Tamime (ed.) (2008). Fermented Milks. John Wiley & Sons. p. 124. ISBN 9781405172387. ^ Jump up to: a b Yildiz Fatih (2010). Development and Manufacture of Yogurt and Other Functional Dairy Products. CRC Press. p. 10. ISBN 9781420082081. Jump up ^ Sarina Jacobson,Danya Weiner. Yogurt: More Than 70 Delicious & Healthy Recipes" Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2008. ISBN 1402747594 p 6 ^ Jump up to: a b c d Halici, Nevin (27 April 2013). "Turkish Delights". Gastronomica: The Journal of Critical Food Studies. University of California Press. 1 (1): 92–93. Jump up ^ Smih, Sebastian (2006). Allah's Mountains: The Battle for Chechnya. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. p. 25. ISBN 9781850439790. Jump up ^ Leslie Strnadel, Patrick Erdley (2012). Bulgaria (Other Places Travel Guide). Other Places Publishing. p. 58. ISBN 9780982261996. Jump up ^ Nazif Shahrani, M. (2013). The Kirghiz and Wakhi of Afghanistan. 9780295803784: University of Washington Press. pp. 92–93. Jump up ^ A. Y. Tamime (ed.) (2008). Fermented Milks. John Wiley & Sons. p. 96. ISBN 9781405172387. Jump up ^ Lake Van and Turkish Kurdistan: A Botanical Journey P. H. Davis The Geographical Journal, Vol. 122, No. 2 (Jun., 1956), pp. 156-165 Published by: The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Article doi:10.2307/1790844 Jump up ^ "Turkish Buttermilk". www.kultur.gov.tr. Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Turkey. Retrieved 5 October 2013. Jump up ^ Gina Husamettin. "Ayran – Turkish national beverage". balkon3.com. Retrieved 5 October 2013. Jump up ^ Heyhoe, Kate. The ABC's of Larousse Gastronomique : ayran Archived 2002-01-23 at the Wayback Machine. Jump up ^ Simmons, Shirin (2007). Treasury of Persian Cuisine. Stamford House Publishing. ISBN 1-904985-56-4. Jump up ^ Grosart, Alexander (17 July 1886). "Soor-doock" and "doogh". The Academy and literature. 30. Blackburn. p. 59. Jump up ^ Islamic Republic of Iran (26–29 January 2009). Project Document for a Regional Standard for Doogh (CX/NEA 09/5/8) (PDF). Tunis, Tunisia: United Nations. Joint FAO/WHO food standards programme of the FAO/WHO coordinating committee for the Near East. Retrieved 26 June 2011. Jump up ^ Kocak, C., Avsar, Y.K., 2009. Ayran: Microbiology and Technology. In: Yildiz, F. (Ed.), Development and Manufacture of Yogurt and Functional Dairy Products. CRC Press, Boca Raton, U.S., pp. 123–141 Jump up ^ "Ayran". Etimoloji Türkçe (in Turkish). Telif Hakları. Retrieved 31 August 2014. Jump up ^ "PM says Turkey's national drink is ayran, not beer". Zaman. 27 April 2013. Archived from the original on 2015-11-17. ^ Jump up to: a b "Turks turn away from 'national drink' despite Erdoğan". Zaman. 22 June 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-11-17. ^ Jump up to: a b Çelikkan, Erdinç (9 November 2015). "State-owned tea firm fined 220,000 liras for 'insulting ayran' in ads". Hürriyet. 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Ayran

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ayran
Fresh ayran.jpg
A mug of traditional Turkish Ayran in Istanbul, Turkey
Alternative namesDoogh, Tan
TypeDairy product
CourseBeverage
Region or stateAsia
Serving temperatureCold
Main ingredientsYogurt, water, salt
 Cookbook: Ayran   Media: Ayran
Bottle of carbonated tan sold in Yerevan, Armenia
Ayran or doogh (Azerbaijani: ayran, Turkish: ayran, Kazakh: Айран, Persian: دوغ‎) is a cold yogurt beverage mixed with salt.[1][2] It is popular in Iran,[3] Turkey,[4] Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,[2] North Caucasus,[5] the Balkans,[6] Afghanistan [7] and Lebanon.[8] Its primary ingredients are water and yogurt, and ayran has been variously described as "diluted yogurt"[4] and "a most refreshing drink made by mixing yogurt with iced water".[9]
Ayran is served chilled and often as an accompaniment to grilled meat or rice[10] especially during summer.[11]
Yogurt drinks are popular beyond the Middle East region—ayran has been likened by some to the South Asian lassi.[12]

History[edit]

According to Shirin Simmons, doogh has long been a popular drink and was consumed in ancient Persia (modern-day Iran).[13] Described by an 1886 source as a cold drink of curdled milk and water seasoned with mint,[14] its name derives from the Persian word for milking, dooshidan.[15]
According to Nevin Halıcı, ayran is a traditional Turkic drink and was consumed by nomadic Turks prior to 1000 CE.[4] According to Celalettin Koçak and Yahya Kemal Avşar (Professor of Food Engineering at Mustafa Kemal University), ayran was first developed thousands of years ago by the Göktürks, who would dilute bitter yogurt with water in an attempt to improve its flavor.[16]
A c. 1000 CE Turkish dictionary, Dīwān ul-Lughat al-Turk, defines ayran as a "drink made out of milk."[17]

Turkish national drink status[edit]

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, a conservative Turkish politician who has held the posts of President and Prime Minister, has promoted ayran as a national drink.[18] Speaking at a 2013 WHO Global Alcohol Policy Conference held in Istanbul, Erdoğan contrasted ayran with alcohol, which he claimed was a recent introduction to Turkey.
Nevertheless, sales of ayran in Turkey may lag behind other non-alcoholic beverages.[19] According to a 2015 joint statement from the Soft Drink Producers Association, the Sparkling Water Producers Association, and the Milk Producers and Exporters Union of Turkey, ayran consumption during Ramadan has declined every year for the years 2010 to 2015.[19]
In 2015, Turkey's Customs and Trade Ministry, controlled by Erdoğan's party, imposed a 220,000 TL fine (approximately $70,000) on state-owned Çaykur manufacturers for "degrading ayran" in one of their advertisement for iced tea, in which the protagonist raps that ayran makes him sleepy,[20] and halted advertisements of Çaykur's competing, ice-tea product.[20]

Variations[edit]

Salt (and sometimes pepper) is added, and dried mint or pennyroyal can be mixed in as well, as well as lime juice. One variation includes diced cucumbers to provide a crunchy texture to the beverage. Some varieties of doogh have carbonation.

Similar beverages[edit]

  • Calpis, Japanese yogurt-based soft drink
  • Chal, fermented camel's-milk
  • Chalap, beverage consisting of fermented milk, salt, and carbonated water
  • Kefir, fermented milk drink made with yeast grains
  • Kumis, fermented mare's milk drink[4]
  • Lassi, yogurt-based drink from the Indian Subcontinent
  • Qatiq, fermented-milk beverage
  • Chaas, yogurt-based drink made with yogurt, salt and water, and occasional mint and coriander leaves
  • Borhani, a popular bengali yogurt drink mixed with mint leaves, sugar, salt and pepper among others

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

  1. Jump up^ A. Y. Tamime (ed.) (2008). Fermented Milks. John Wiley & Sons. p. 124. ISBN 9781405172387.
  2. ^ Jump up to:a b Yildiz Fatih (2010). Development and Manufacture of Yogurt and Other Functional Dairy Products. CRC Press. p. 10. ISBN 9781420082081.
  3. Jump up^ Sarina Jacobson,Danya Weiner. Yogurt: More Than 70 Delicious & Healthy Recipes" Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2008. ISBN 1402747594 p 6
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Halici, Nevin (27 April 2013). "Turkish Delights". Gastronomica: The Journal of Critical Food Studies. University of California Press. 1 (1): 92–93.
  5. Jump up^ Smih, Sebastian (2006). Allah's Mountains: The Battle for Chechnya. Tauris Parke Paperbacks. p. 25. ISBN 9781850439790.
  6. Jump up^ Leslie Strnadel, Patrick Erdley (2012). Bulgaria (Other Places Travel Guide). Other Places Publishing. p. 58. ISBN 9780982261996.
  7. Jump up^ Nazif Shahrani, M. (2013). The Kirghiz and Wakhi of Afghanistan. 9780295803784: University of Washington Press. pp. 92–93.
  8. Jump up^ A. Y. Tamime (ed.) (2008). Fermented Milks. John Wiley & Sons. p. 96. ISBN 9781405172387.
  9. Jump up^ Lake Van and Turkish Kurdistan: A Botanical Journey P. H. Davis The Geographical Journal, Vol. 122, No. 2 (Jun., 1956), pp. 156-165 Published by: The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Article doi:10.2307/1790844
  10. Jump up^ "Turkish Buttermilk". www.kultur.gov.tr. Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Turkey. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
  11. Jump up^ Gina Husamettin. "Ayran – Turkish national beverage". balkon3.com. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
  12. Jump up^ Heyhoe, Kate. The ABC's of Larousse Gastronomique : ayranArchived 2002-01-23 at the Wayback Machine.
  13. Jump up^ Simmons, Shirin (2007). Treasury of Persian Cuisine. Stamford House Publishing. ISBN 1-904985-56-4.
  14. Jump up^ Grosart, Alexander (17 July 1886). "Soor-doock" and "doogh". The Academy and literature. 30. Blackburn. p. 59.
  15. Jump up^ Islamic Republic of Iran (26–29 January 2009). Project Document for a Regional Standard for Doogh (CX/NEA 09/5/8) (PDF). Tunis, Tunisia: United Nations. Joint FAO/WHO food standards programme of the FAO/WHO coordinating committee for the Near East. Retrieved 26 June2011.
  16. Jump up^ Kocak, C., Avsar, Y.K., 2009. Ayran: Microbiology and Technology. In: Yildiz, F. (Ed.), Development and Manufacture of Yogurt and Functional Dairy Products. CRC Press, Boca Raton, U.S., pp. 123–141
  17. Jump up^ "Ayran". Etimoloji Türkçe (in Turkish). Telif Hakları. Retrieved 31 August2014.
  18. Jump up^ "PM says Turkey's national drink is ayran, not beer". Zaman. 27 April 2013. Archived from the original on 2015-11-17.
  19. ^ Jump up to:a b "Turks turn away from 'national drink' despite Erdoğan". Zaman. 22 June 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-11-17.
  20. ^ Jump up to:a b Çelikkan, Erdinç (9 November 2015). "State-owned tea firm fined 220,000 liras for 'insulting ayran' in ads". Hürriyet.
Location: Rafah-e-Aam Society, Karachi, Pakistan

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